Essay Paper - 84499 Words

Army Regulation 600–20 Personnel–General Army Command Policy Rapid Action Revision (RAR) Issue Date: 20 September 2012 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 18 March 2008 UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 600–20 Army Command Policy This rapid action revision, dated 20 September 2012-o Updates policy for the administration of unit command climate surveys: adds requirement for personnel equivalent to company level commanders; updates timelines to within 30 days (120 days for Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve) of assuming command, again at 6 months, and annually thereafter (paras 6-3i(13) and E-1a). o Updates confidentiality procedures: adds exceptions to the confidentiality of†¦show more content†¦Refer to AR 2530 for specific guidance. Army management control process. This regulation does not contain management control provisions. Supplementation. Supplementation of this regulation and establishment of command and local forms are prohibited without prior approval from the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–1 (DAPE–HR–L), 300 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–0300. Suggested improvements. Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–1 (DAPE–HR–L), 300 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310–0300. Distribution. Distribution of this publication is available in electronic media only and is intended for command levels A, B, C, D, and E for the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the U.S. Army Reserve. (Listed by paragraph and page number) Chapter 1 Introduction, page 1 Purpose †¢ 1–1, page 1 References †¢ 1–2, page 1 Explanation of abbreviations and terms †¢ 1–3, page 1 Responsibilities †¢ 1–4, page 1 Command †¢ 1–5, page 1 *This regulation supersedes AR 600–20, dated 7 June 2006. This edition publishes a rapid action revision of AR 600–20. AR 600–20 †¢ 18 March 2008/RAR 20 September 2012 UNCLASSIFIED i Contents—Continued Military grade and rank †¢ 1–6, page 2 Precedence between Soldiers and otherShow MoreRelated Process Analysis Essay for Writing Papers648 Words   |  3 Pages Process Analysis Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When writing a paper it can be very difficult unless you break it up into sections. When I had to write my first paper I felt like a man on a desert island all alone without a clue on how to do anything. But with the help of a few teachers they taught me how to survive on the island of writing papers. 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I will admit that it was one of the more difficult papers to write but I really liked the way that it cameRead MoreThe Internet and Academic Dishonesty1002 Words   |  4 PagesTerm paper mills are not a new development, and neither is dishonesty. However, the rise of the internet into an information hivemind has made commiting academic dishonesty easier, faster, and more clandestine than ever. In the case of higher education, the number of paper mills is rising at an alarming rate. [] Most paper services fall under one of two categories: editing sites and paper mills. Editin sites seem harmless from an academic standpoint: students can have their papers proofread at anyRead MoreNotes On Child Vaccinations And Gender Roles, And A Research Paper1285 Words   |  6 Pageshave chosen three papers for my portfolio: paper one - Language Matters: Positives and Negatives, paper two - PEP for Vitamins and Gender Roles, and a research paper, paper four - Child Vaccinations: Importance to a Healthy Society. I have written four papers in total, and I believe that these papers illustrate the different style of writing, and the progress I have made throughout this semester. The structure of this cover letter will display how these three particular papers address the EnglishRead MoreThe Quality And Execution Of My Writings1115 Words   |  5 Pagesto my writing development. Throughout the course, I struggled with keeping my personal feelings and opinions out of my work. Altho ugh, my idea development and competitive nature to have the best paper in the class proved to be my strengths, writing was a lot harder than anticipated. From Essay One to Essay Three, the quality and execution of my writings have tremendously improved. Along with writing workshops and journal entries every class, I can honestly say I have become a very strong writer comparedRead MoreMy First Steps Into English 111 Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesalways prepared. The papers always printed and stapled, tucked away safely in a folder or binder. Notes color coded and directions written on and highlighted. Being prepared was a necessity, especially when I had always signed up to go first for everything. I kept dates of conferences and assignment due dates all color coded in a planner. This kept me in line and on time with everything I had to do. Not a single conference was missed, no assignment not turned in, nor a single paper crumbled or bent.Read MoreThe Problems Of Attending College 1240 Words   |  5 Pagesstudent is responsible for themselves. Students are expected to do their work/homework without prompt and return it in a timely manner. Fox’s college English class can be hard because of the amount of homework, attendance policy, and the details of essay writing. Just glancing at the amount of homework in the Syllabus for Fox’s class can be intimidating. Students may feel overwhelmed at the amount of writing to be completed. The syllabus States† There will be about four hours of homework a week† (FoxRead MoreWriting Reflection959 Words   |  4 Pagescollege level courses. Beginning with the berating of my writing by my AP English language teacher Mrs. Turner. She primarily pointed out the flaws in word choice and the heavy use of ambiguous pronouns in my writing and how detrimental that was to my paper as a whole. 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Human Services Practice Framework Free Essays

SWK141A MODULE THREE LEARNING ACTIVITY DUE 12/04/13 think about the following three broad practice contexts 1. Remote areas health policy at the national level 1. The practice context is at the macro practice level 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Services Practice Framework or any similar topic only for you Order Now The practice method in this context would be Social policy 3. The Target population includes people living in remote locations. 4. The practice approach chosen is the radical, structural and critical approach due to the focus of social action being on the system, and the outcomes on broad social change at a structural level. Chenoweth McAuliffe ( 2008) state that the radical and structural approaches align with the social model of disability barriers create disability through social and environmental issues. therefore, change is made possible through policy and legislation affecting the whole of the remote regions. 5. Five ways further knowledge could be generated include : 1) Procedural knowledge: finding relevant legislation and policy, and promoting and engaging in actions aligned with current requirements. ) Empirical data: Collection of data from hospitals and other healthcare clinics throughout the regions. 3) Theoretical knowledge. relating to the policy outcomes 4) Practice wisdom: applied from knowledge acquired from previous experience. 5) Professional knowledge : Knowledge stemming from theoretical practice guidelines. 2. Individual counselling for gambling addiction. 1. The practice context is at the micro practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be Direct practice with in dividuals 3. The target population is individuals with gambling addictions. 4. A practice approach using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy may be beneficial because the target of therapy is on thinking and behavior change. It is believed that thoughts create emotions which drive behaviour, so with the focus on changing the thought process, emotional and behavioural changes can result (Gerald and Gerald, 2009). 5. Five different ways of generating knowledge in this practice context are: 1) Practice wisdom including the use of previous systemic reflection. ) Personal reflection on how each session is progressing. 3) Empirical research from research in gambling and addictions, data and other resource information, . 4) Observation: from other practitioners. 5) Theoretical knowledge. 3. Community development to strengthen social networks in Katherine, NT. 1. The practice context is at the mezzo practice level 2. The practice method in this context would be community work 3. The target population is the pe ople living within the Katherine, NT region. 4. A practice approach is systems and ecological perspectives because this approach is from the perspective of people interacting with different parts of their environment making it applicable for developing community development solutions. As well focus can be on improving systems within the community because this approach looks at the various systems and how they relate to each other (Chenoweth McAuliffe. 2008). 5. Knowledge can be generated via: 1) Theoretical knowledge: theories previously shown to have positive outcomes for community development. ) Empirical knowledge: derived from statistical data on what areas are in greater need for development as well as numerous other areas of information required. 3) Procedural Knowledge: policy and legislation information is crucial to the projects outcomes in a broader context. 4) Professional knowledge: 5) Practice wisdom. REFERENCES Chenoweth, L. McAuliffe, D. (2008). The Road to Social Work Human Service Practice. South Melbourne, VIC : Cengage Learning. Gerald, D. Gerald, K. (2009). Basic Personal Counselling. French Forrest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia. How to cite Human Services Practice Framework, Papers

John The Brave New World Essay Example For Students

John The Brave New World Essay Sex and sexuality promote power struggles and the demise of the person or character when interwoven into a storyline. Two such novels that contain a focus on sexuality are that of Brave New World and 1984; both novels concern several characters that experience both the up side and the down side of sexual promiscuity. The given twist of both authors is that the characters all live in a totalitarian state; in 1984 the main character Winston, lives in a world where sex has been outlawed and made a crime; in Brave New World sexual promiscuity is very much accepted as a way of live. Both Orwell and Huxley use a variety of techniques to create stories powerfully illustrating worlds in confusion, contrasting worlds where sex is frowned upon or where it is smiled upon, through this the characters sexuality is brought to the forefront of the readers mind, and we are able to see how the way the characters deal with sex and whether or not the decisions that take lead to their eventual downfall. Sex is an extremely powerful weapon and this is established very readily within both novels. In 1984 sex has been forbidden, people are brainwashed by Big Brother and the Establishment to live a mundane life, concentrating solely on worshipping Big Brother and working for Oceania. Even something as confidential and intimate as sex has become a tainted and polluted thing; we are allowed an insight of this through the limited and sometimes hazy memories of Winston about his estranged wife, Katherine. Sex between the two is uncomfortable and awkward, To embrace her was like embracing a jointed wooden imageShe would lie with her eyes shut, neither resisting nor co-operating, but submitting. This is a symbolic reminder of what sex has been moulded to represent in Oceania, and the sexual relationship or lack of, is something that exasperates Winston greatly. Sex has become something only necessary to produce a future generation and not for enjoyment. Perhaps Winstons previous experiences are the foundations for him, as well as his initial hate for Big Brother and the society his lives in, to embark on the perilous affair with Julia. This point could not be more different in Huxleys Brave New World. In this novel there is a complete contrast to 1984; sexuality is a celebrated phenomenon and further still sexual promiscuity is enthusiastically welcomed, being induced at a young age, It just seems that this little boy seem reluctant to join in the ordinary erotic play. The stress on the adjective ordinary shows how erotic and sexual games are used as a form of education and are a normal occurrence. In Brave New World one of the main characters, Leninas sexuality is a more important thing for herself that perhaps for the rest of the Fordian society. Beginning at the very introduction of Lenina, the reader is provided with the suggestion that possibly Lenina is not necessarily conditioned to enjoy her given sexual promiscuity as intended. Leninas conversation with her friend Fanny is a clear indication of this, Somehow, she mused, I havent been feeling very keen on promiscuity lately. There are times when one doesnt. This is an obvious flaw in the make up of the Fordian society; the society is programmed to enjoy sex but not to stay with one partner. Lenina even admits at one point that, No, there hasnt been anyone elseAnd I jolly well dont see why there should have been. This shows the difference that separates Lenina from the rest of the society; this is later on further enhanced by her apparent fascination with the Savage, John. Lenina is opposing in her own way the make-up of the society she is living in and this leads to her downfall towards the end of the novel, she is not alone in her fascination with the Savage but the appearance her intrigue takes on is somewhat different from the others, again showing the difference in her from the rest of society. .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 , .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 .postImageUrl , .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 , .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5:hover , .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5:visited , .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5:active { border:0!important; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5:active , .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5 .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1695e2ac035fb3fb270b24fe22ae0be5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: There are many types of cults in the world, cults EssayLeninas affair with the Arch-Community Songster is a symbol of her reluctance in promiscuity. Huxley makes the moments somewhat poignant describing Lenina, who had lingered for a moment to look at the moon, dropped her eyes and came hurrying across the roof to rejoin him. Lenina gazing at the moon; commonly a symbolic image of love and romance, to me signifies a hidden longing of her own to be able to embark on a relationship that means more than just sex, indeed the whole affair to some degree allows the reader to sympathise with Lenina, reinforcing her unwillingness. A certain moment in the novel presents two contrasting images, The golden T lay shining on Leninas bosom. Sportively, the Arch-Community Songster caught hold of it, sportively he pulled, pulled. The repetition of sportively leads the reader to believe that this is nothing more than sportive foreplay, however Leninas reaction gives a totally contrasting impression, I think, said Lenina suddenly, breaking a long silence, Id better take a couple of grammes of soma. Lenina is unable to participate in this seemingly innocent foreplay without the aid of the drug soma, emphasising her reluctance; as she is relying upon the drug, she is not fully in control of the situation and therefore being force against her better judgement and complying with the conditioning.

The Downfall of Macbeth Essay Example For Students

The Downfall of Macbeth Essay Is everyone defeated or brought down from power at some time? Often, in a tragedy or drama, the main hero experiences a downfall. However, just as the downfall of a tragic hero varies, so do the causes of this downfall. Throughout the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, many factors contributed to the downfall of Macbeth such as fate, errors in his judgment, and the main factor being flaws in his character. Among the causes of Macbeths fall from power and grace, fate was the least important and influential. However, fate did have quite an impact on why Macbeth was brought down. For instance, Macbeth relied too heavily upon the prophecies of the Werd Sisters, and took everything they said for granted. When the Werd Sisters would give Macbeth their different predictions for what would happen, he would believe them and would take no actions of his own to ensure his own safety or well-being. Macbeth believed that what was predicted would happen and he would be prosperous and safe as king without any effort on his part. He also relied completely on the witches to tell him of his future. This specific point was illustrated when he said, Stay you imperfect speakers. Tell me more (I, iii, l. 73). Yet another example of how Macbeth heavily relied on fate was when he was visited with the visions of the armed head, the bloody child, and the crowned child with a tree in hand. Macbeth took the sayin gs of the three apparitions to heart and did not worry about his safety due to their predictions. He went through the rest of the play not afraid of any man due to what the second apparition, the bloody child, told him. This apparition said to Macbeth, The power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth (IV, i, ll. 91-92). Both these reliances by Macbeth on fate caused him not to worry about anything and not to prepare for his safety, which came back to get him and led to his fall from grace and his death. The second most influential factor on the downfall of Macbeth in this tragedy involves his many errors in judgment. Among his many errors in judgment, one of them is Macbeths unnecessary murder of quite a few individuals. In doing so, Macbeth may have gotten rid of his foe at that moment in time, but he also lost many allies and created many enemies who vowed revenge. Throughout the killing spree of Macbeth, he made enough enemies that they combined forces and were able to defeat the tyrant Macbeth in the end. This flaw was illustrated when all the armies of Macbeths many foes came together at Birnam Wood (V, iv, l. 5). It was there that all the armies teamed up and went on the march to defeat the king Macbeth. Macbeth unnecessarily killed many different individuals through the play. First, Macbeth had the kind king Duncan done away with. This was in order for Macbeth to fulfill the prophecy of himself becoming king, and was for his selfish needs. However, Duncan was good to Macbeth, in naming him Thane of Cawdor, and showed how inhumane and cold he was. Also, Macbeth has Banquo, who was once his best friend and closest ally, killed. Macbeth becomes slightly fearful of Banquo, so decides to kill him. Macbeth often resorts to this method of killing whomever he is threatened by, and it does him no good. Macbeth shows his fear of Banquo, when in talking about him, he states There is none but he whos being I do fear (III, i, ll. 59-60). Finally, Macbeth does away with the family of Macduff. This is a huge mistake on the part of Macbeth, because in doing so, he awoke an enormous rage within Macduff. Macduff then swore never to rest until he had taken his revenge upon Macbeth, and Macduff does, in turn, be the one to kill Macbeth in the end. Macbeths downfall can also be attributed to many unnecessary killings which enraged many and caused them to team up against him in the end. The third, and most influential, cause of Macbeths downfall can be attributed to his many flaws in character. One major flaw that Macbeth possessed was his weak and easily controlled personality. Through the novel a constant pattern of being controlled by women came about. This happened on quite a number of occasions and centered on the Werd Sisters and his very own Lady Macbeth. With the witches, Macbeth lost all control over his own actions and just did whatever he could in order to fulfill the prophecies of the witches. He let them tell him whatever should and would happen, and he believed that it was the right thing to do. For instance, when the witches stated that he shall become king, he decided to kill both Duncan and Malcolm in order to become king, even though neither man was his foe. His feelings are well illustrated when he states, The Prince of Cumberland! That is a stepin my way it lieslet not light see my black and deep desires (I, iv, ll. 55-58). This also reveals another flaw in the character of Macbeth. This shows how whenever Macbeth was faced with a problem or an obstacle, he decided to kill whomever was the cause and he believed that this would solve all of his problems. Even though it may have worked in order to promote him to king, it presented many more problems. Killing everyone he didnt get along with was a major flaw of Macbeth and caused many to be enraged toward him and take their revenge. Yet another example of Macbeth being controlled by women has to deal with the subject of unneeded killings as well. Even though Macbeth had been contemplating killing Duncan in order to gain the seat of the throne, he began to have second thoughts. Had he gone on his own feelings, he may have held back from killing Duncan and had been successful at the high post of Thane of Cawdor. However, the diabolical Lady Macbeth proceeded to call her husband a coward and told him to cast his fears aside and go with his plan. This led Macbeth to go on and kill Duncan, which was just the first step in his long killing spree. All of these are many of the flaws amongst the character of Macbeth which caused him to make many decisions and behave in ways that were the major contribution to this tragic heros downfall. Macbeth had many factors which contributed to his downfall ranging from fate, to errors in judgment, to especially his many flaws in character. Every heros reign has to come to an end, but Macbeth managed to bring the end along much more rapidly due to his many mistakes and bad qualities. Through the play, I found Macbeth to be a very close-minded and stubborn individual who does not change his ways. Up until the end of the play, Macbeth still believed in the witches prophecies and in the sayings of the three apparitions. So, obviously, Macbeth did not change his attitude. Also, Macbeth never prepared for battle in the end and tried to win on his own. All of these factors show that Macbeth did not, in fact, gain any measure of wisdom or self-awareness, but remained the cocky, self-confident man he always was. .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 , .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 .postImageUrl , .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 , .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893:hover , .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893:visited , .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893:active { border:0!important; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893:active , .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893 .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5257d4e065d20faeaeaed304dc6e893:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Conflict in The Most Dangerous Game Essay We will write a custom essay on The Downfall of Macbeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Dangerous Rock Music essays

Dangerous Rock Music essays Rock music and the word dangerous have been known to be used in the same sentence together; is it dangerous because of the lyrics or is it just dangerous to our hearing? Rock music has been around since the fifties, so has the last 40 years created dangerous people causing violence and mayhem or is violence just in our nature? Parents have been trying to fight against the devil music (Rock music) that was corrupting the youth since the fifties and are still trying to rid the world of it. Yet, it is ok to play tackle football, hockey, boxing and be on the wrestling team because those are considered a sport. Parents can only see music associated with pain, sex and violence. There is no proof from either side that music contributes to violence, parents are using just casual observation. Just because of a few committed acts of anger, people point fingers and use music as a sense of reason for horrible active violence. The truth is that rock music is just not dangerous and if we we re to pinpoint where the violence in our society begun, it would be in the quality of our parenting. Parents cannot take away The freedom of speech amendment that are forefathers created for us. Without it the government would censer and take away our rights. Our forefathers could not imagine that one day there would be music so disgusting, violent, loud, sexual, and contain foul language. People of today believe rock music manipulates the mind of young innocent people. The Freedom of Speech amendment is overused and needs to be rewritten by the government. It is not the peoples fault for listening to violent rock music: it is the artists who created the music, peer pressure from friends and family, music television (MTV), fashion, fame and society. Under the guise of free speech merchandisers are aggressively doing violence to our kids. They in turn, are doing violence to each other (527 Cultural Vandals)....

Can You Write in the SAT Booklet

Can You Write in the SAT Booklet SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips After you take the SAT, your score will be determined by the little bubbles you fill in on your scantron sheet - a sheet where there’s no place to show your work. It’s normal (even important) to want to take notes and work through problems. Since you won't receive any extra scratch paper in the testing room, your SAT booklet is the place to do it. Here, I’ll go over what, how, and even why you should write in your test booklet. That little stack of paper might end up more helpful than you expected. Can You Write in the SAT Test Booklet? AsI mentioned above, you are allowed to write in the SAT booklet. There are no limitations to where or what you scribble (although I’d caution you against writing anything that could be construed as a message to other test-takers). I’ll go into more detail about how to use your booklet in the next section, but here’s the most important information you should take away from this article: Write anything you’d like - notes, diagrams, or calculations - but remember that nothing you write in the SAT test booklet will be graded. Graders won’t even see your test booklet, which means you don't have to worry about showing your work or making your notes legible. Even if you're not a big note-taker, you can still use your booklet to work more efficiently.For example, you might mark answers in your test booklet first, and then transfer your responses to the answer sheet at the end of the section (most students save time by doing this). How Do You Use the SAT Booklet Effectively? Some students love marking up tests and reading passages, whereas others have a natural tendency to keep their tests pretty pristine. I want to encourage you to make the most of your SAT test booklet by taking notes all over it! Here are some tips and strategies for marking your booklet that will save time and improve your performance: When you're taking the SAT, you'll want to make use of all available resources - including the SAT booklet itself. Use Notes to Engage With Reading Passages You'll have to read through quite a few passages on the SAT, and most of them aren't exactly exciting. It can be difficult to stay focused and alert over a long period of time, especially when you're dealing with material like this. You may end up wasting time if you have to read passages or sections of passages multiple times due to a lack of focus.Actively reading - taking notes and engaging with the passage the first time you read it - may help you save time. If you understand the passage better the first time you go over it, you won’t have to go back and re-read as often. This gives you more time to focus on the questions. Here are some universally helpful active reading strategies: Underlining topic sentences and thesis sentences Circling key terms Taking notes in the margins alongside each paragraph (e.g. just a few words summarizing the main point) Use Notes to Work Through Math Problems (Especially Word Problems) When you have to keep track of several variables or steps, writing down your thought process will keep you from getting confused. You should also mark up geometry diagrams with information that’s provided in the questions themselves! This is especially helpful when figures are not drawn to scale - you don't want to make any assumptions about the dimensions of a figure. Mark Up Your Questions and Answer Choices When you usethe process of elimination, get a helpful visual of your thought process by crossing off the answers you know to be incorrect (this saves you time if you come back to the question later). If you decide to skip a particularly difficult question - this is an important time management strategy - circle it! This provides a helpful visual cue for when you double back to the question after finishing the rest of the section. Don't Waste Time With Notes That Won't Help Your Score AsI mentioned earlier, no one is going to see or grade the notes you make on the SAT booklet. Don’t worry about explaining your answers (I know it’s a force of habit for many students) - there are no points for showing your work. The Most Important Things You Should Remember Yes, you can write all over the SAT test booklet. No, nothing you write on the booklet will be graded (so remember to transfer your answers to the response sheet). And yes, strategically marking up your booklet can save you time and improve your score! What's Next? Marking up your SAT booklet isn't the only helpful strategy you should know about before taking the test. First, you'll want to make sure you're physically and mentally prepared for test day. Start by checking out our guide to how you should spend the night before the SAT - then, read our post on exactly what to expect the day of the exam. Finally, learn about the top SAT test day tips to make sure you optimize your score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Compare Emilia and Desdemona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Compare Emilia and Desdemona - Essay Example Her speech here with lines like ,"So much I challenge that I may profess/ Due to the Moor my lord"(I, iii, 191-192) makes her appear to be an articulate woman who knows her own mind, a woman who has eloped with a racially disparate man, and is able to defend her choice with sagacity and courage. Desdemona's resolute profession of her love shows us the practical nature and the intensity of her affections: "My downright violence and storm of fortunes/May trumpet to the world: my heart's subdued/ Even to the very quality of my lord:/I saw Othello's visage in his mind,/And to his honor and his valiant parts/ Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate". ( I, iii, 254- 59)She is a woman in love, who is ready to go to strange parts in order to be with her husband, and is also a woman much loved, as we see when she is reunited with her husband at Cyprus. "Desdemona was a stranger, not just different in class from Emilia, different in species. Emilia watched her from a cautious distance, the impulsive girl whose giddy love, written on her incandescent face, demonstrated that she had nothing in common with her".(Rutter, 2001) Emilia's marriage is of long standing and she has seen the world with all its realities. Her husband does not lose a moment in putting her down in company, and does so viciously and with a barely concealed venom, slandering not just her but her entire kind: "Come on, come on; you are pictures out of doors,/Bells in your parlors, wild-cats in your kitchens,/Saints in your injuries, devils being offended, Players in your housewifery, and housewives' in your beds". ( II, i, 113-117)We know from the very beginning that though loyal to her husband, she is living a loveless marriage. And beyond a few one-line dialogs, she indeed has no speech in the first scenes after her appearance. Having left her father's home and the confines of Venetian society for the first time, Desdemona is in a relaxed frame of mind. Somewhat guileless, her circumstances of living with her married love have made her cheerful, bantering, tolerant , as is evident from her good-humored response even to Iago's lack of taste in his very first conversation with her. She mislays her handkerchief, and lovingly nags her husband on Cassio's case by playing the shrew, fully assured of her power over Othello and her ability to make him do her bidding. She feels it her part to play the nagging wife and present it as a 'boon' to the husband: Her performance exploits and collapses the two male fantasies that most define early modern wives: the one, negative, of the shrew, and the other, the ideal of the submissive subordinate. Lest we believe the stereotypes and think Desdemona truly shrewish, she announces that she will play the shrew.....In merging the postures of good wife and shrew, Desdemona indirectly challenges the presumption of their difference enforced in marriage handbooks, homilies, church courts, misogynist pamphlets, and the like. Her performance highlights what that discourse masks: that to be a shrew is, in fact, to follow the rules, to be obediently disobedient, to fill a role created by (male) authorities who needed shrews in order to contain, by criminalizing, female speech. Conversely, Desdemona also places outspokenness within the perimeters of appropriate wifely

Online Collaboration Vs Face-to-Face interaction Essay

Online Collaboration Vs Face-to-Face interaction - Essay Example Online collaborative tools like video conferencing and net meeting provide an alternative way that allows people to communicate with each other across the countries or even continents. In this essay, an effort will be made to discuss whether online collaboration can potentially replace face-to-face interaction in the organization or not. Subsequently, the essay will also try to explain the limitations of online collaboration. Social presence of media will also be discussed to show the difference between face-to-face interaction and other communication media. By drawing upon Xeon case study, the aspect of trust will be clarified to distinguish between face-to-face interaction and online communication. The essay ends up with the conclusion of the main points and gives an opinion regarding the replacement of face-to-face interaction with online collaboration. There are many potentially important factors that lead to the replacement of face-to-face interaction with online collaboration. To begin with, the increasing globalization of business (Chidambaram and Jones, 1993), team members are located in different countries. So it hardly depends only on face-to-face interaction. ... Meanwhile, development in new technology and infrastructure also smoothens and supports the remote collaborators to communicate in different locations (Tang and Isaacs, 1992). Examples of online collaboration are video conferencing, audio conferencing, electronic meeting systems (EMS), teleconferencing, electronic mail, online chatting, calendaring system, information and knowledge repositories, newsgroups, project management system, telephone conferencing, video whiteboards (Qureshi and Zigurs, 2001). The major benefits of online collaboration tools are saving travel costs and time. People can interact anytime and anywhere, therefore many organizations implement or plan to implement online collaboration tools and expect that it will yield benefits in tune with the investments made in these tools. Thirdly, people change their life style and the way of working. They are very much familiar with the computer systems and the computer seems to have become a part of their life. Some people are addicted to the virtual world to such an extent that they start believing it to be the real one. This therefore leads to the notion that the virtual world has the potential to replace face-to-face interaction in real life. In my opinion, online collaboration plays an important role in today's business world and it is worth to invest in the collaborative technologies because it will eventually lead to more cooperation between different units or companies. In addition, knowledge can be shared freely which in turn would lead to creation of a pro-innovation environment thus resulting in the greatest benefits for the organization. Even though the potential of online collaboration replacing

The developing awareness of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

The developing awareness of Romeo and Juliet Essay This essay will contain the developing awareness of Romeo and Juliet throughout the play. It will relate to both characters feelings towards each other, it will also show how other characters are portrayed as they relate to one another and to Romeo and Juliet. The essay will describe the levels of society who came to watch Shakespeares plays from the groundlings to the aristocracy. It will also portray Romeo and Juliets reactions to different situations. Shakespeare opens the play with a disagreement between the Montague servants and the Capulet servants, which starts off with a relatively minor insult where Sampson, a Montague, bites has thumb at the Capulet servants, which in those times was a disgrace to them if they bear it. It then went on to develop into a fight. Starting the play in such a profound way would have shown the audience the degree of rivalry between the two gangs. The first mention of Romeo in the play is when Benvolio is telling of the riot to Lady Montague and how has been avoiding him, then Lord Montague speaks of how Romeo prefers night to day. shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out, And makes himself an artificial night: Black and portentous must his humour prove This suggests that Romeo is suffering from some form of depression. We then meet Romeo, he is talking about how much he loves Rosaline, and how his love is not returned. This shows the audience a huge part of Romeos personality, how he could be so madly in love with a woman without any hope of that love being returned shows he falls in love very easily. When we first meet Juliet, she is a mere child and her mother talks to her about marriage, Juliet is still ver4y young and is not particulally interested. Ill look to like, if looking liking move; But no more deep will I endart mine eye than your consent gives strength to make it fly. This quote illustrates Juliets respect for her parents wishes and her obedience and dependance of them at this stage in the play. Little did her parents know just how waywardly Juliet would become.

McDonalds: Evolution of the Food Industry Essay -- Management

McDonald's: Evolution of the Food Industry History McDonald's has had a global impact on the food industry. McDonald's developed a revolutionary idea known today as fast-food. This impact began in 1930 when Maurice and Richard McDonald left New Hampshire seeking to make a fortune in Hollywood, started up a drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino. Unlike so many other food-service operations at the time, McDonald's came up with new ideas that turned the usual slow paced dinner into a finely tuned engine. McDonald's offered only a nine-item menu with burgers, French fries, shakes, and pies. They also eliminated seating, and used paper and plastic utensils instead of glass and porcelain. Like Henry Fords assembly line, McDonald's incorporated this idea into their food service, letting them serve hamburgers in less then sixty seconds. The menu was extensively cheaper then competitors which due to the above changes. Although the McDonald's business was doing well, it wasn't until 1954 when Ray Kroc saw the operation that it started to develop into the McDonald's of today. Ray Kroc was a fifty-two year old milk-shake machine salesman at the time and decided to check out McDonalds due to their odd order of eight milk shake mixers for one restaurant. Most of Kroc's customers purchased only one milk shake mixer, and a max of two. Kroc was curious to see what kind of operation needed the capacity to churn so many milk shakes. What Kroc saw that day in 1954 when he pulled up to McDonald's was like nothing he had ever seen. Kroc is quoted as saying "This had to be the most amazing merchandising operation I'd ever seen." Although the McDonald brothers were content with their restaurant, Kroc saw the future and where this idea ... ...'s now knows how important cleanliness is to customers in deciding where to eat. Another interesting look into the future of McDonalds is the ability to bring your laptop into the restaurant and surf the internet while you eat. This new technology brought by McDonald's is in hope of attracting new customers and building customer loyalty. The target of this move is aimed at the younger generation, and the business person on the go. McDonald's has already built a few of these innovative restaurants in early 2003. McDonald's has also opened a few of the innovative restaurants called McCafe. These new cafà © type shops will not resemble that of any other normal McDonalds. The customers will get to choose from premium coffees, muffins, pastries, bagels, and McMuffins. McDonalds believes that the McCafe will do well because of the popularity of McDonald's breakfast.

Rebuttal on Mark Twain’s the World Is Not Civilized Essay

Mark Twain says that the human race I cruel, and uncivilized. Unlike the animals, humans have the ability to care for those who are weak, sick, and otherwise unfortunate. In the wild if an animal is sick or weak, they are abandoned by their own species and are, ultimately, a source of food for another. The wounded are killed without a hesitation. Man has compassion, not only for our species but for the others. There are many organizations that are created to help people in need. There is the Red Cross that steps in during an emergency to provide shelter, blood and food to those who need it. There are homeless shelters that take in the homeless to shelter them from the elements. There are soup-kitchens that feed the homeless. There are children’s homes that provide a safe place for orphaned or abandoned children to grow up. There is Breast Cancer Awareness, AIDS foundations, and a society to end world hunger. All of these organizations are founded to help someone or something that is in need. Twain says â€Å"I was aware that many men who have accumulated more millions of money than they can ever use have shown a rabid hunger for more, and have not scrupled to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor servings in order to partially appease that appetite†. Even though it may be true that rich men want to get richer, the wealthy people are the ones that are most charitable. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett, two of the richest men in America, give millions of dollars annually to various foundations and charities that help people all over the world Man also helps the animals. There are many organizations that help animals and the planet. Some of those include PETA and Green Peace. We even try to help the earth. New inventions are being created just to help the earth. They start business just to keep specific animals from going extinct. We share and support other countries. When the hurricane in Haiti happened people helped. Resources were given because of the generosity of man. When countries are in need they are helped. When the flood came to Tennessee the people gave some time for community service. Some people that didn’t get hit by the flood could have done nothing but they decided to help others. Man created governments to stop the fighting. Laws were created in order to have a calm and safe environment. Man Negotiates to prevent wars and battles from happening. We also come up with compromise and treaties in order to get peace. For example the Treaty of Versailles was ratified after negotiating and finally coming to a compromise. We don’t just go ahead and fight who ever walk across our territories like the lions.

Nurse Prospective of the Sea Inside

Palliative care is the advanced care of patients who are terminally ill and are closer at their lives’ end. Symptom management, pain management, and the provision of social, spiritual and psychological support are carefully given by the practitioner, or by the one who is giving care to the sick person. Palliative care achieves to meet the goal of giving the best quality of life that they can give to the patient and to the patient’s family. Palliative care aims to impart to the patients that dying is a normal process that people undergo once in their lives. Practitioner offers support to patients to be able to live actively until the time of their death. And they aim to provide a system that will help the family cope during the patients’ illness and in their bereavement (â€Å"Palliative Care Explained â€Å"). The Sea Inside in a Nurse’s perspective The movie talks about the life of a quadriplegic. The main character Mr. Ramon Sampedro was a ship mechanic in his younger days. After the tragedy Ramon became bedridden because he restrains himself from being imprisoned by a wheelchair; he believed that being imprisoned by a wheelchair will be just imprisoning him with the scraps of his past. He was a man who had his own perspective and depicted life as his own, and that he had the right to end his life. He, Ramon Sampedro, was the only Spaniard who had requested for Euthanasia (Blaser, Jan. 5, 2005). Among the people who have taken care of Ramon was Manuela his sister-in-law, his father, his older brother Jose, and Gene. His legal counsel Julia gave him sympathy, she listened to Ramon’s sentiments and Ramon listened to her sentiments as well. This is because they share the same perspective that they wanted to â€Å"die with dignity.† The movie provided a general assessment of Palliative care. Each of Ramon’s family members gave justification to the concepts of Palliative care in general. Although there were some concepts of palliative care that were not given justification because Ramon doesn’t have his own nurse to do the Nursing care plan. Nursing care plan includes assessment; subjective and objective, nursing diagnosis, planning, interventions and evaluation. In Ramon’s case, assessment should have been done regularly. Subjective data includes information directly from the patient’s feelings while objective datas are those measured and observed by the physicians. After initial assesment, a problem list should be made consisting possible reasons that affects the patient’s well being qlike family problems, medical diagnosis and many others. Diagnosis comes when the collected datas relates to a certain illness or disease. In planning of interventions to be used, the preparation should be specific, attainable, measureable, realistic and time-bound. Intervension are the methods to be used in order to meet the goals in planning. It includes what medications to be applied, possible surgeries, etc. Every intervension has a rationale like why a nursing action should be done and what is its basis. And lastly, evaluation are written reports about the improvement of patient or the contrary. In evaluation it is stated whether the goals in planing is met, partially met, or not met (By Jane Urie). As shown in the movie, Ramon didn’t want to be loved because he believes that a person undergoing his illness would be creating misery to the person that loves him. This implies that Ramon is having psychological and emotional distress and should have been assessed by a physician to be able to bring him back to life. However, in Julia’s case it was shown that she had undergone observations and treatments when she developed a disease called Cadasil due to her series of strokes, therefore palliative care was well addressed. Pain control for instance was well established in the movie because there was a scene when Ramon was given tranquilizer to stabilize him. Although there was an error in giving him the medication, because if the medication was given by a nurse the nurse should have only given him an exact dosage of the tranquilizer, just one tablet not three. As a nurse exact dosage or amount of medicine should only be given to a patient to prevent overdose and complications. The conflict of the story is about the ethical and moral issues of Euthanasia. Today, euthanasia has been legalized. It was being applied in cases of hopelessness in the recovery of the patient. â€Å"Eu† means good and â€Å"thanator† means death, euthanasia therefore means good death or mercy killing. There are different classifications euthanasia: voluntary, non-voluntary, involuntary, assisted, euthanasia by action, and euthanasia by omission. In voluntary, the patient was the one who requested his death. In non-voluntary, the person who has been killed made no request and gave no consent. In involuntary, the patientmade an expressed wish to the contrary. Assisted Euthanasia is perform with the assistance of the physician or the relatives of the patient. Euthanasia by action makes use of lethal injection while euthanasia by omission is the process wherein the patient is no longer being provided with his needs like food, water, medication, etc. The reasons why it is being practiced are to diminish unbearable pain, the right to commit suicide, and the belief that people should not be forced to stay alive (â€Å"Voluntary Euthanasia † Apr 18, 1996). Ramon wanted to die. He said â€Å"Well, I want to die because I feel that a life in this condition has no dignity.† In the case of Ramon, who is quadriplegic, refusing to live shows that he was experiencing fatigue, depression, anxiety, and Dyspnea (maybe due yo lack of ventillation). Ramon believed that dying is an unevitable part of a man’s life and it is just normal to die. Due to his own beliefs Ramon passed a petition about legalizing suicide or the right to die. A paraplegic priest visited him to discourage his intention of suicide. His brother, Jose, also agrees with the priest and the church’s belief that suicide is immoral, that only God has the right to decide whether an individual should live or die. They believe that God has His reasons and purpose why a person still lives. It was Him wo gave you life, so it is also his decision to take it back. Thereof, this situation talks about morality (â€Å"The Sea Inside,†). As for the health providers, it also brings a great controversy whether to practice   Euthanasia or not. Health providers were trained to cure not to kill. And assisting a suicide contradicts the profession with the duty of â€Å"do no harm†. From the movie itself, cultural considerations and individual considerations was well established. There was a clear observation that the people around Ramon did not want to consider his attempt of killing himself. Ramon as an individual had also been given consideration; although his beliefs of death was unjust they still did not oppose to him because they considered his own perceptions and did not want to oppress his rights as an individual. For a nurse, I would consider his beliefs because it was his right but I would not help him accomplish his death. The tragic part of the story is that his family was well oriented and they have accepted that death is coming to Ramon. There was a scene in the movie wherein his father said â€Å"what’s worse having your son die on you, is the fact that he wanted to†. It only shows that he had accepted the death of his child but he had not accepted the fact that his son wanted to die. Ramon’s family had actually given him quality care and unconditional love. Although these were really not enough especially in the case of Ramon. From a nurse’s point of view, the care that the family could have been improved if there is a plan of care that was established. Ramon had supposedly had a life that is worth living. His family loved him and took care of him, he had a book published, two women were linked to him and the sympathy of the nation was on him but he refused all these and exchanged it to death. He had exchanged all the beautiful things he had in life because he justified his life as his. For years Ramon had actually internalized that death is in his hands and that he had the right to end his life. Generally speaking, Ramon had actually lived a life that is not worth living because he restraints himself from having so. As a nurse, I could have implied to Ramon that his life is worth living and that he need not to worry that he will be a big burden to his family and to the people he loved while he is living. It is not a nurse’s job to kill but rather to nurture. References Blaser, A. (Jan. 5, 2005). Bizzaro Breathing Lessons [Electronic Version] from http://www.ragged-edge-mag.com/reviews/blaserseainside.html. By Jane Urie, B., MRPharmS, Helen Fielding, MSc, MRPharmS, Dorothy McArthur, MSc, MRPharmS, Moira Kinnear, MSc, MRPharmS, Steve Hudson, MPharm, FRPharmS, and Marie Fallon, MD, FRCP. Palliative care [Electronic Version] from http://www.pjonline.com/Editorial/20001021/special_feature/palliative_care_603-614.html. Palliative Care Explained [Electronic Version] from http://www.ncpc.org.uk/palliative_care.html. The Sea Inside [Electronic Version] from http://www.boxofficeprophets.com/tickermaster/listing.cfm?TMID=1556. Voluntary Euthanasia (Apr 18, 1996).            

Sample Short Answer on Soccer for Common Application

Sample Short Answer on Soccer for Common Application College applications often include a short essay that asks you to elaborate on your most meaningful extracurricular activity or work experience. The Common Application used to require a short answer response of 150 words or fewer, and today many schools have retained the short answer in the supplemental essay section. The question will often ask something straight-forward like this: Briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences. Features of a Weak Short Answer The short answer repeats similar ideas in slightly different words.The essay employs vague language.The response is filled with clichà ©s and predictable language.The response doesnt explain why the activity is important to the author. Short should not be confused with unimportant. When a college has holistic admissions, every piece of the application is important since the admissions folks want to get to know you as a whole person. The short answer needs to convey your passion for something you do, and it should also explain why the activity is important to you. In this sample short answer response, Gwen writes about her passion for soccer, but she makes many common mistakes in the process. Sample Short Answer Response by Gwen Simply put, I love soccer. I love being part of a team of girls who go out there and give their all, heart and soul, in every game. We truly are a family in our team. I love being a part of that family and taking a leadership role, both on and off the field. Soccer has also helped me be a better leader in student organizations and class work, where I take a proactive role. Whether it is a good defensive block or scoring the winning goal, soccer is an empowering part of my life, and I would not be the person I am today without it. Critique of Gwens Short Answer Response Gwens short answer response is not terrible- the language is easy to read and Gwens love of soccer comes across forcefully. However, Gwens response does have several problems: The language is repetitive. Gwen says I love three times, and she repeats the ideas of family and leadership twice.The languge is vague. What does Gwen mean when she says she takes a proactive role? What is her leadership role? What exactly does she mean when she says soccer made her the person I am today?Some language is clichà ©. Phrases like heart and soul and scoring the winning goal appear in far too many essays about sports.The response is short and doesnt say much. The typical 150-word limit isnt much space in which to elaborate on an activity, yet Gwens response is just 540 characters/108 words (and, as noted, those words are repetitive and vague). Gwen hasnt used the short answer to her advantage. Gwen does sound like a perfectly pleasant and enthusiastic student who works well with a team, but her response could be so much stronger. We finish her short answer response without a clear sense of the type of leader she is or what leadership roles she has assumed. Theres nothing concrete here to illustrate how soccer has made her a stronger person and better student. A Final Word on Short Answer Responses To see what a stronger short answer response looks like, be sure to check out Christies essay on running and Joels response on his job at Burger King. Christies response shows how an athletic activity can be presented more effectively than Gwen does, and Joel shows how a relatively unenjoyable activity- a fast food job- can still prove meaningful and valuable. Dont be misled by the word short. You should put plenty of time and care into this type of little essay. Work to follow the guidelines for a winning short answer, and be sure to steer clear of common short answer mistakes.

History of Gamelan Indonesian Music and Dance

History of Gamelan Indonesian Music and Dance Across Indonesia, but particularly on the islands of Java and Bali, gamelan is the most popular form of traditional music. A gamelan ensemble consists of a variety of metal percussion instruments, usually made of bronze or brass, including xylophones, drums, and gongs. It may also feature bamboo flutes, wooden stringed instruments, and vocalists, but the focus is on the percussion. The name gamelan comes from gamel, a Javanese word for a type of hammer used by a blacksmith. Gamelan instruments are often made of metal, and many are played with hammer-shaped mallets, as well. Although metal instruments are expensive to make, compared with those of wood or bamboo, they will not mold or deteriorate in Indonesias hot, steamy climate. Scholars suggest that this may be one of the reasons that gamelan developed, with its signature metallic sound. Where and when was gamelan invented? How has it changed over the centuries? Origins of Gamelan Gamelan seems to have developed early in the history of what is now Indonesia. Unfortunately, however, we have very few good sources of information from the early period. Certainly, gamelan seems to have been a feature of court life during the 8th to 11th centuries, among the Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms of Java, Sumatra, and Bali. For example, the great Buddhist monument of Borobudur, in central Java, includes a bas-relief depiction of a gamelan ensemble from the time of the Srivijaya Empire, c. 6th-13th centuries CE. The musicians play stringed instruments, metal drums, and flutes. Of course, we do not have any record of what the music these musicians were playing sounded like, sadly. Classical Era Gamelan During the 12th to 15th centuries, the Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms began to leave more complete records of their doings, including their music. Literature from this era mentions the gamelan ensemble as an important element of court life, and further relief carvings on various temples support the importance of metal percussion music during this period. Indeed, members of the royal family and their courtiers were all expected to learn how to play gamelan and were judged on their musical accomplishments as much as their wisdom, bravery, or physical appearance. The Majapahit Empire (1293-1597) even had a government office in charge of supervising the performing arts, including gamelan. The arts office oversaw the construction of musical instruments, as well as scheduling performances at the court. During this period, inscriptions and bas-reliefs from Bali show that the same types of musical ensembles and instruments were prevalent there as in Java; this is not surprising since both islands were under the control of the Majapahit emperors. During the Majapahit era, the gong made its appearance in Indonesian gamelan. Likely imported from China, this instrument joined other foreign additions such as stitched-skin drums from India and bowed strings from Arabia in some types of gamelan ensembles. The gong has been the longest-lasting and most influential of these imports. Music and the Introduction of Islam During the 15th century, the people of Java and many other Indonesian islands gradually converted to Islam, under the influence of Muslim traders from the Arabian peninsula and south Asia. Fortunately for gamelan, the most influential strain of Islam in Indonesia was Sufism, a mystical branch that values music as one of the pathways to experiencing the divine. Had a more legalistic brand of Islam been introduced, it might have resulted in the extinction of gamelan in Java and Sumatra. Bali, the other major center of gamelan, remained predominantly Hindu. This religious schism weakened the cultural ties between Bali and Java, although trade continued between the islands throughout the 15th to 17th centuries. As a result, the islands developed different forms of gamelan. Balinese gamelan began to emphasize virtuosity and quick tempos, a trend later encouraged by Dutch colonists. In keeping with Sufi teachings, Javas gamelan tended to be slower in tempo and more meditative or trance-like. European Incursions In the mid-1400s, the first European explorers reached Indonesia, intent on elbowing their way into the rich Indian Ocean spice and silk trade. The first to arrive were the Portuguese, who started out with small-scale coastal raids and piracy but managed to capture the key straits at Malacca in 1512. The Portuguese, along with the Arab, African, and Indian slaves they brought with them, introduced a new variety of music into Indonesia. Known as kroncong, this new style combined gamelan-like intricate and interlocking musical patterns with western instrumentation, such as the ukulele, cello, guitar, and violin. Dutch Colonization and Gamelan In 1602, a new European power made its way into Indonesia. The powerful Dutch East India Company ousted the Portuguese and began to centralize power over the spice trade. This regime would last until 1800 when the Dutch crown took over directly. Dutch colonial officials left only a few good descriptions of gamelan performances. Rijklof van Goens, for example, noted that the king of Mataram, Amangkurat I (r. 1646-1677), had an orchestra of between thirty and fifty instruments, primarily gongs. The orchestra played on Mondays and Saturdays when the king entered the court for a type of tournament. van Goens describes a dance troupe, as well, of between five and nineteen maidens, who danced for the king to the gamelan music. Gamelan in Post-Independence Indonesia Indonesia became fully independent of the Netherlands in 1949. The new leaders had the unenviable task of creating a nation-state out of a collection of different islands, cultures, religions, and ethnic groups. The Sukarno regime established publicly-funded gamelan schools during the 1950s and 1960s, in order to encourage and sustain this music as one of the national art forms of Indonesia. Some Indonesians objected to this elevation of a musical style associated primarily with Java and Bali as a national art form; in a multiethnic, multicultural country, of course, there are no universal cultural properties. Today, gamelan is an important feature of shadow puppet shows, dances, rituals, and other performances in Indonesia. Although stand-alone gamelan concerts are unusual, the music may also be heard frequently on the radio. Most Indonesians today have embraced this ancient musical form as their national sound. Sources: Bali and Beyond: A History of Gamelan.Gamelan: Venerable Lake of Honey, University of MichiganJavanese Gamelan: A History of Gamelan MusicSpiller, Henry. Gamelan: The Traditional Sounds of Indonesia, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, 2004.Sumarsam. Gamelan: Cultural Interaction and Musical Development in Central Java, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

Cynthia Cooper and WorldCom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cynthia Cooper and WorldCom - Essay Example This expose elucidates on the appropriate decision that Cynthia should take to deal with this issue. From the onset, it is crucial to point out that the right decision for Cynthia would be reporting these fraudulent acts to her superiors without making the information public. In order to make her case strong, Cynthia should use the findings from the additional investigations she carried out in order to ensure that the exposure has enough merit. However, it is crucial for her to seek another job before taking any action since the decision taken might leave her jobless. Any decision that one might take in such a situation has various implications. One such implication would be on the families affected by the whistle blowing in case of termination of careers and effectively the source of livelihood. Cynthia Hooper is no exceptional and has to consider her career and family and the careers of other employees, something I would do in her shoes. According to Sissela Bok, â€Å"Would-be whistleblowers confront the conflict inherent in all dissent: between conforming and sticking their ne cks out. The more repressive the authority they challenge, the greater the personal risk they take in speaking out† (as cited in Donaldson & Werhane, 2007). In this regard, there is a big risk of one’s livelihood and that of the family and the career of the whistleblower in case the superiors view such acts as dissent. Donaldson and Werhane (2007) further support this idea by stating that, â€Å"When audiences are not free to receive or to act on the information-when censorship or fear of retribution stifles response-then the message rebounds to injure the whistleblower.† The most important reason for reporting the extra findings indicate that Cynthia is showing responsibility by indicating the extra steps taken towards unearthing the truth. When making this decision however, it is crucial for her to remember that she may face accusations